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Python，創建網路請求

Python，創建網路請求

Python提供了urllib標準庫包來創建網路請求。

使用以下代碼創建請求：

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from urllib import request
url = 'https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/list/all'

response = request.urlopen(url)
content = response.read()

print(content)

你也可以使用with語句來簡化：

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from urllib import request
url = 'https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/list/all'

with request.urlopen(url) as response:
 content = response.read()

print(content)

響應是一個字節序列，你會注意到響應被包裹在b''字符串中：

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b'{"message":{"affenpinscher":[],"african":[],"airedale":[],"akita":[],"appenzeller":[],"australian":["shepherd"],"basenji":[],"beagle":[],"bluetick":[],"borzoi":[],"bouvier":[],"boxer":[],"brabancon":[],"briard":[],"buhund":["norwegian"],"bulldog":["boston","english","french"]},"status":"success"}'

使用content.decode('utf-8')將其解碼為UTF-8編碼的字符串。

這裡是從我的網站flavicopes.com獲取HTML內容的例子：

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from urllib import request

url = 'https://flaviocopes.com'

with request.urlopen(url) as response:
 content = response.read().decode('utf-8')

print(content)

你可以使用json標準庫模塊將響應解析為JSON：

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from urllib import request
import json

url = 'https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/list/all'

with request.urlopen(url) as response:
 content = response.read()

data = json.loads(content)
print(data['status'])

如果你需要指定查詢參數，使用urllib.parse方法構建查詢字符串：

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from urllib import request, parse
url = 'https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/images/search'

parms = {
 'limit' : 5,
 'page' : 1,
 'order' : 'Desc'
}

querystring = parse.urlencode(parms)

with request.urlopen(url + '?' + querystring) as response:
 content = response.read().decode('utf-8')

print(content)

這就是內置的urllib包。

爲了方便起見，你可能想使用requests包，它不是Python標準庫的一部分，但相當受歡迎。

tags: [“Python”, “網路請求”, “urllib”, “requests”]