Tags: Swift, classes, inheritance, instance methods, type methods
Classes in Swift are similar to structures, but they have some important differences. A class is defined using the class keyword, followed by the class name. Inside a class, you can define stored properties, which are variables that hold data specific to each instance of the class.
To create a new instance of a class, you use the class name followed by empty parentheses. This creates a new object of that class. You can then access the properties of the instance using dot syntax and modify them as needed.
One key difference between classes and structures is that classes are reference types. This means that when you assign a class instance to another variable, both variables refer to the same instance. Any changes made to the instance through one variable will be reflected in the other variable as well.
Classes require an initializer to initialize the values of the properties when creating an instance. If you want to declare properties without initializing them, you must have an initializer defined.
Classes can also have instance methods, which are functions that belong to an instance of the class. These methods can access and modify the properties of the instance. Additionally, classes can have type methods, which are methods that belong to the class itself, rather than an instance of the class.
One of the powerful features of classes is inheritance. A class can inherit all the properties and methods from another class, known as the superclass. By using inheritance, you can create subclasses that build upon the functionality of the superclass. To inherit from a superclass, you declare the subclass using a colon followed by the superclass name. When defining an initializer in a subclass, you can call the initializer of the superclass using super.init().
This is just a brief introduction to classes in Swift. There is much more to learn about classes and how to use them effectively in your code.