In Python, numbers are classified into three types: int
, float
, and complex
. This blog post will provide an overview of each type and demonstrate how to perform arithmetic operations on numbers.
Integer Numbers
Integer numbers are represented using the int
class. You can define an integer by assigning a value to a variable:
age = 8
Alternatively, you can use the int()
constructor to define an integer:
age = int(8)
To check if a variable is of type int
, you can use the type()
function:
type(age) == int # True
Floating Point Numbers
Floating point numbers, also known as fractions, are of type float
. You can define a floating point number using a value literal:
fraction = 0.1
Alternatively, you can use the float()
constructor:
fraction = float(0.1)
To check if a variable is of type float
, you can use the type()
function:
type(fraction) == float # True
Complex Numbers
Complex numbers are of type complex
. You can define them using a value literal:
complexNumber = 2+3j
Alternatively, you can use the complex()
constructor:
complexNumber = complex(2, 3)
Once you have a complex number, you can access its real and imaginary parts:
complexNumber.real # 2.0
complexNumber.imag # 3.0
To check if a variable is of type complex
, you can use the type()
function:
type(complexNumber) == complex # True
Arithmetic Operations on Numbers
Python provides various arithmetic operators for performing operations on numbers: +
(addition), -
(subtraction), *
(multiplication), /
(division), %
(remainder), **
(exponentiation), and //
(floor division). Here are a few examples:
1 + 1 # 2
2 - 1 # 1
2 * 2 # 4
4 / 2 # 2.0
4 % 3 # 1
4 ** 2 # 16
4 // 2 # 2
You can also use compound assignment operators like +=
, -=
, *=
, /=
, and so on, to quickly perform operations on variables:
age = 8
age += 1
Built-in Functions
Python provides two built-in functions that are useful for working with numbers:
abs()
returns the absolute value of a number.round()
rounds a number to the nearest integer. You can specify a second parameter to round to a specific decimal point precision:
round(0.12) # 0
round(0.12, 1) # 0.1
Additionally, the Python standard library provides several math utility functions and constants:
- The
math
package offers general math functions and constants. - The
cmath
package provides utilities for working with complex numbers. - The
decimal
package provides utilities for working with decimals and floating point numbers. - The
fractions
package offers utilities for working with rational numbers.
In later discussions, we will explore some of these math utilities and constants in more detail.
Tags: Python, numbers, integers, floats, complex numbers, arithmetic operations, built-in functions