The Math object in JavaScript is a powerful tool for performing various mathematical operations. This tutorial will provide an overview of the Math object and its functions.

Constants

The Math object contains several constants that are commonly used in mathematical calculations. These constants include:

  • Math.E: The base of the natural logarithm, approximately equal to 2.71828.
  • Math.LN10: The natural logarithm of 10.
  • Math.LN2: The natural logarithm of 2.
  • Math.LOG10E: The base 10 logarithm of e.
  • Math.LOG2E: The base 2 logarithm of e.
  • Math.PI: The mathematical constant π, approximately equal to 3.14159.
  • Math.SQRT1_2: The reciprocal of the square root of 2.
  • Math.SQRT2: The square root of 2.

Functions

The Math object also provides a range of static functions for performing mathematical calculations. These functions include:

Math.abs()

The Math.abs() function returns the absolute value of a number.

Example:

Math.abs(2.5) // Returns 2.5
Math.abs(-2.5) // Returns 2.5

Math.acos()

The Math.acos() function returns the arccosine of the operand. The operand must be between -1 and 1.

Example:

Math.acos(0.8) // Returns 0.6435011087932843

Math.asin()

The Math.asin() function returns the arcsine of the operand. The operand must be between -1 and 1.

Example:

Math.asin(0.8) // Returns 0.9272952180016123

Math.atan()

The Math.atan() function returns the arctangent of the operand.

Example:

Math.atan(30) // Returns 1.5374753309166493

Math.atan2()

The Math.atan2() function returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments.

Example:

Math.atan2(30, 20) // Returns 0.982793723247329

Math.ceil()

The Math.ceil() function rounds a number up to the nearest integer.

Example:

Math.ceil(2.5) // Returns 3
Math.ceil(2) // Returns 2
Math.ceil(2.1) // Returns 3
Math.ceil(2.99999) // Returns 3

Math.cos()

The Math.cos() function returns the cosine of an angle expressed in radians.

Example:

Math.cos(0) // Returns 1
Math.cos(Math.PI) // Returns -1

Math.exp()

The Math.exp() function returns the value of Math.E multiplied by the exponent that’s passed as an argument.

Example:

Math.exp(1) // Returns 2.718281828459045
Math.exp(2) // Returns 7.38905609893065
Math.exp(5) // Returns 148.4131591025766

Math.floor()

The Math.floor() function rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

Example:

Math.floor(2.5) // Returns 2
Math.floor(2) // Returns 2
Math.floor(2.1) // Returns 2
Math.floor(2.99999) // Returns 2

Math.log()

The Math.log() function returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a number.

Example:

Math.log(10) // Returns 2.302585092994046
Math.log(Math.E) // Returns 1

Math.max()

The Math.max() function returns the highest number from a set of numbers passed as arguments.

Example:

Math.max(1,2,3,4,5) // Returns 5
Math.max(1) // Returns 1

Math.min()

The Math.min() function returns the smallest number from a set of numbers passed as arguments.

Example:

Math.min(1,2,3,4,5) // Returns 1
Math.min(1) // Returns 1

Math.pow()

The Math.pow() function returns the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.

Example:

Math.pow(1, 2) // Returns 1
Math.pow(2, 1) // Returns 2
Math.pow(2, 2) // Returns 4
Math.pow(2, 4) // Returns 16

Math.random()

The Math.random() function returns a pseudorandom number between 0.0 and 1.0.

Example:

Math.random() // Returns 0.9318168241227056
Math.random() // Returns 0.35268950194094395

Math.round()

The Math.round() function rounds a number to the nearest integer.

Example:

Math.round(1.2) // Returns 1
Math.round(1.6) // Returns 2

Math.sin()

The Math.sin() function calculates the sine of an angle expressed in radians.

Example:

Math.sin(0) // Returns 0
Math.sin(Math.PI) // Returns 1.2246467991473532e-16

Math.sqrt()

The Math.sqrt() function returns the square root of a number.

Example:

Math.sqrt(4) // Returns 2
Math.sqrt(16) // Returns 4
Math.sqrt(5) // Returns 2.23606797749979

Math.tan()

The Math.tan() function calculates the tangent of an angle expressed in radians.

Example:

Math.tan(0) // Returns 0
Math.tan(Math.PI) // Returns -1.2246467991473532e-16

These functions are just some of the many utilities provided by the Math object in JavaScript. By utilizing these functions, you can perform a wide range of mathematical calculations in your JavaScript applications.