エラーを処理する方法を持つことが重要です。
Pythonは例外処理を提供します。
コードの行をに折り返す場合try:
ブロック:
try:
# some lines of code
エラーが発生した場合、Pythonは警告を表示し、を使用して発生したエラーの種類を判別できます。except
ブロック:
try:
# some lines of code
except <ERROR1>:
# handler <ERROR1>
except <ERROR2>:
# handler <ERROR2>
使用できるすべての例外をキャッチするにはexcept
エラータイプなし:
try:
# some lines of code
except <ERROR1>:
# handler <ERROR1>
except:
# catch all other exceptions
ザ・else
例外が見つからなかった場合、ブロックが実行されます。
try:
# some lines of code
except <ERROR1>:
# handler <ERROR1>
except <ERROR2>:
# handler <ERROR2>
else:
# no exceptions were raised, the code ran successfully
Afinally
ブロックを使用すると、エラーが発生したかどうかに関係なく、どのような場合でも何らかの操作を実行できます
try:
# some lines of code
except <ERROR1>:
# handler <ERROR1>
except <ERROR2>:
# handler <ERROR2>
else:
# no exceptions were raised, the code ran successfully
finally:
# do something in any case
発生する特定のエラーは、実行している操作によって異なります。
たとえば、ファイルを読んでいる場合は、EOFError
。数値をゼロで割ると、ZeroDivisionError
。型変換の問題がある場合は、TypeError
。
このコードを試してください:
result = 2 / 0
print(result)
プログラムはエラーで終了します
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 1, in <module>
result = 2 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zeroand the lines of code after the error will not be executed.
Adding that operation in a try:
block lets us recover gracefully and move on with the program:
try:
result = 2 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print('Cannot divide by zero!')
finally:
result = 1
print(result) # 1
You can raise exceptions in your own code, too, using the raise
statement:
raise Exception('An error occurred!')
This raises a general exception, and you can intercept it using:
try:
raise Exception('An error occurred!')
except Exception as error:
print(error)
You can also define your own exception class, extending from Exception:
class DogNotFoundException(Exception):
pass
pass
here means “nothing” and we must use it when we define a class without methods, or a function without code, too.
try:
raise DogNotFoundException()
except DogNotFoundException:
print('Dog not found!')
More python tutorials:
- Introduction to Python
- Installing Python 3 on macOS
- Running Python programs
- Python 2 vs Python 3
- The basics of working with Python
- Python Data Types
- Python Operators
- Python Strings
- Python Booleans
- Python Numbers
- Python, Accepting Input
- Python Control Statements
- Python Lists
- Python Tuples
- Python Sets
- Python Dictionaries
- Python Functions
- Python Objects
- Python Loops
- Python Modules
- Python Classes
- The Python Standard Library
- Debugging Python
- Python variables scope
- Python, accept arguments from command line
- Python Recursion
- Python Nested Functions
- Python Lambda Functions
- Python Closures
- Python Virtual Environments
- Use a GoPro as a remote webcam using Python
- Python, how to create a list from a string
- Python Decorators
- Python Docstrings
- Python Introspection
- Python Annotations
- Python, how to list files and folders in a directory
- Python, how to check if a number is odd or even
- Python, how to get the details of a file
- Python, how to check if a file or directory exists
- Python Exceptions
- Python, how to create a directory
- Python, how to create an empty file
- Python, the `with` statement
- Python, create a network request
- Python, installing 3rd party packages using `pip`
- Python, read the content of a file