Python、ネットワークリクエストを作成する

Pythonは私たちにurllibネットワークリクエストを作成するための標準ライブラリパッケージ。

以下を使用してリクエストを作成します。

from urllib import request
url = 'https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/list/all'

response = request.urlopen(url)
content = response.read()


print(content)

また、使用することができますwith簡略化するステートメント

from urllib import request
url = 'https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/list/all'

with request.urlopen(url) as response:
content = response.read()


print(content)

応答はバイトのシーケンスです。これは、応答がb''ストリング：

b'{"message":{"affenpinscher":[],"african":[],"airedale":[],"akita":[],"appenzeller":[],"australian":["shepherd"],"basenji":[],"beagle":[],"bluetick":[],"borzoi":[],"bouvier":[],"boxer":[],"brabancon":[],"briard":[],"buhund":["norwegian"],"bulldog":["boston","english","french"]},"status":"success"}'
Decode it to a UTF-8 encoded string using content.decode('utf-8')


This gets the HTML content from my website flavicopes.com:


from urllib import request

url = ‘https://flaviocopes.com’


with request.urlopen(url) as response:
content = response.read().decode(‘utf-8’)


print(content)


You can parse the response as JSON, using the json standard library module:


from urllib import request
import json

url = ‘https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/list/all’


with request.urlopen(url) as response:
content = response.read()


data = json.loads(content)
print(data[‘status’])


If you need to specify query parameters, use the urllib.parse() method to build the query string:


from urllib import request, parse
url = 'https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/images/search'

parms = {
‘limit’ : 5,
‘page’ : 1,
‘order’ : ‘Desc’
}


querystring = parse.urlencode(parms)


with request.urlopen(url + ‘?’ + querystring) as response:
content = response.read().decode(‘utf-8’)


print(content)


This is the built-in urllib package.


For convenience purposes, you might want to use the requests package, not part of the Python standard library but quite popular.

  

  




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