Why and how to use CSS canonicalization
The default browser style sheet is a set of rules that the browser must apply a certain minimum style to the element.
In most cases, these styles are very useful.
Since each browser has its own set, there is usually one thing in common.
Instead of deleting all default values, for exampleCSS resetWith this approach, the normalization process can eliminate browser inconsistencies while retaining a set of basic rules you can rely on.
Normalize.csshttp://necolas.github.io/normalize.cssIt is the most commonly used solution to this problem. Here, it has received good reviews, so you can see all the work it has done for you to fix a bug that people may never know about:
/*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */
/* Document
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Correct the line height in all browsers.
* 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
*/
html {
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 /
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; / 2 */
}
/* Sections
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the margin in all browsers.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/**
* Render the main
element consistently in IE.
*/
main {
display: block;
}
/**
* Correct the font size and margin on h1
elements within section
and
* article
contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
* 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
*/
hr {
box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 /
height: 0; / 1 /
overflow: visible; / 2 */
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd em
font sizing in all browsers.
*/
pre {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 /
font-size: 1em; / 2 */
}
/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
*/
a {
background-color: transparent;
}
/**
* 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
* 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: none; /* 1 /
text-decoration: underline; / 2 /
text-decoration: underline dotted; / 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bolder;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd em
font sizing in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 /
font-size: 1em; / 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
* Prevent sub
and sup
elements from affecting the line height in
* all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10.
*/
img {
border-style: none;
}
/* Forms
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
* 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
font-family: inherit; /* 1 /
font-size: 100%; / 1 /
line-height: 1.15; / 1 /
margin: 0; / 2 */
}
/**
* Show the overflow in IE.
* 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
*/
button,
input { /* 1 */
overflow: visible;
}
/**
* Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
* 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
*/
button,
select { /* 1 */
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
*/
button,
[type=“button”],
[type=“reset”],
[type=“submit”] {
-webkit-appearance: button;
}
/**
* Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type=“button”]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type=“reset”]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type=“submit”]::-moz-focus-inner {
border-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
*/
button:-moz-focusring,
[type=“button”]:-moz-focusring,
[type=“reset”]:-moz-focusring,
[type=“submit”]:-moz-focusring {
outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}
/**
* Correct the padding in Firefox.
*/
fieldset {
padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
* 2. Correct the color inheritance from fieldset
elements in IE.
* 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
* fieldset
elements in all browsers.
*/
legend {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 /
color: inherit; / 2 /
display: table; / 1 /
max-width: 100%; / 1 /
padding: 0; / 3 /
white-space: normal; / 1 */
}
/**
* Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
progress {
vertical-align: baseline;
}
/**
* Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10.
* 2. Remove the padding in IE 10.
*/
[type=“checkbox”],
[type=“radio”] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 /
padding: 0; / 2 */
}
/**
* Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
*/
[type=“number”]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type=“number”]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
* 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
*/
[type=“search”] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 /
outline-offset: -2px; / 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
*/
[type=“search”]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
* 2. Change font properties to inherit
in Safari.
*/
::-webkit-file-upload-button {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 /
font: inherit; / 2 */
}
/* Interactive
========================================================================== */
/*
* Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox.
*/
details {
display: block;
}
/*
* Add the correct display in all browsers.
*/
summary {
display: list-item;
}
/* Misc
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10+.
*/
template {
display: none;
}
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10.
*/
[hidden] {
display: none;
}
You must load the normalized CSS file first, and then load the other CSS.
Download mine for freeCSS Manual
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