快速入门env
命令,用于运行命令并与环境变量交互
这env
命令可用于传递环境变量,而无需在外部环境(当前外壳)上设置它们。
假设您要运行Node.js应用并设置USER
可变的。
你可以跑
env USER=flavio node app.js
和USER
可通过Node从Node.js应用访问环境变量process.env
界面。
您也可以使用以下命令来运行命令,以清除所有已设置的环境变量:-i
选项:
env -i node app.js
在这种情况下,您会收到一条错误消息:env: node: No such file or directory
因为node
该命令无法访问,因为PATH
shell用于在公用路径中查找命令的变量未设置。
因此,您需要将完整路径传递给node
程序:
env -i /usr/local/bin/node app.js
尝试简单app.js
包含以下内容的文件:
console.log(process.env.NAME)
console.log(process.env.PATH)
您将看到输出
undefined
undefinedYou can pass an env variable:
env -i NAME=flavio node app.js
and the output will be
flavio
undefinedRemoving the -i
option will make PATH
available again inside the program:

The env
command can also be used to print out all the environment variables, if ran with no options:
env
it will return a list of the environment variables set, for example:
HOME=/Users/flavio
LOGNAME=flavio
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin
PWD=/Users/flavio
SHELL=/usr/local/bin/fish
You can also make a variable inaccessible inside the program you run, using the -u
option, for example this code removes the HOME
variable from the command environment:
env -u HOME node app.js
The env
command works on Linux, macOS, WSL, and anywhere you have a UNIX environment
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